A basket of features: itemization, bounds, refcount

This patch improves script run itemization and also exposes metrics
and bounds for layouts. In addition, there is a fair amount of internal
cleanup, including ref counting, and making the MinikinFont abstraction
strong enough to support both FreeType and Skia implementations. There
is also a sample implementation using Skia, in the sample directory.

As part of its functionality, his patch measures the bounds of the
layout and gives access through Layout::GetBounds().  The corresponding
method is not implemented in the FreeType-only implementation of
MinikinFont, so that will probably have to be fixed.

Change-Id: Ib1a3fe9d7c90519ac651fb4aa957848e4bb758ec

engine/src/flutter/include/minikin/Layout.h

@@ -57,32 +57,50 @@ struct LayoutGlyph {
 
 class Layout {
 public:
+
     void dump() const;
-    void setFontCollection(const FontCollection *collection);
+    void setFontCollection(const FontCollection* collection);
     void doLayout(const uint16_t* buf, size_t nchars);
     void draw(Bitmap*, int x0, int y0) const;
     void setProperties(const std::string css);
 
-    float getAdvance() const;
-
     // This must be called before any invocations.
 	// TODO: probably have a factory instead
     static void init();
+
+    // public accessors
+    size_t nGlyphs() const;
+    // Does not bump reference; ownership is still layout
+    MinikinFont *getFont(int i) const;
+    unsigned int getGlyphId(int i) const;
+    float getX(int i) const;
+    float getY(int i) const;
+
+    float getAdvance() const;
+
+    // Get advances, copying into caller-provided buffer. The size of this
+    // buffer must match the length of the string (nchars arg to doLayout).
+    void getAdvances(float* advances);
+
+    void getBounds(MinikinRect* rect);
+
 private:
     // Find a face in the mFaces vector, or create a new entry
     int findFace(MinikinFont* face, MinikinPaint* paint);
 
     CssProperties mProps;  // TODO: want spans
     std::vector<LayoutGlyph> mGlyphs;
+    std::vector<float> mAdvances;
 
     // In future, this will be some kind of mapping from the
     // identifier used to represent font-family to a font collection.
     // But for the time being, it should be ok to have just one
     // per layout.
-    const FontCollection *mCollection;
+    const FontCollection* mCollection;
     std::vector<MinikinFont *> mFaces;
     std::vector<hb_font_t *> mHbFonts;
     float mAdvance;
+    MinikinRect mBounds;
 };
 
 }  // namespace android

engine/src/flutter/include/minikin/MinikinFont.h

@@ -31,6 +31,29 @@ struct MinikinPaint {
     // todo: skew, stretch, hinting
 };
 
+struct MinikinRect {
+    float mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom;
+    bool isEmpty() const {
+        return mLeft == mRight || mTop == mBottom;
+    }
+    void set(const MinikinRect& r) {
+        mLeft = r.mLeft;
+        mTop = r.mTop;
+        mRight = r.mRight;
+        mBottom = r.mBottom;
+    }
+    void offset(float dx, float dy) {
+        mLeft += dx;
+        mTop += dy;
+        mRight += dx;
+        mBottom += dy;
+    }
+    void setEmpty() {
+        mLeft = mTop = mRight = mBottom = 0;
+    }
+    void join(const MinikinRect& r);
+};
+
 class MinikinFontFreeType;
 
 class MinikinFont {
@@ -38,6 +61,8 @@ public:
     void Ref() { mRefcount_++; }
     void Unref() { if (--mRefcount_ == 0) { delete this; } }
 
+    MinikinFont() : mRefcount_(1) { }
+
     virtual ~MinikinFont() { };
 
     virtual bool GetGlyph(uint32_t codepoint, uint32_t *glyph) const = 0;
@@ -45,6 +70,9 @@ public:
     virtual float GetHorizontalAdvance(uint32_t glyph_id,
         const MinikinPaint &paint) const = 0;
 
+    virtual void GetBounds(MinikinRect* bounds, uint32_t glyph_id,
+        const MinikinPaint &paint) const = 0;
+
     // If buf is NULL, just update size
     virtual bool GetTable(uint32_t tag, uint8_t *buf, size_t *size) = 0;
 

engine/src/flutter/libs/minikin/Android.mk

@@ -32,13 +32,15 @@ LOCAL_MODULE := libminikin
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += \
     external/harfbuzz_ng/src \
     external/freetype/include \
+    external/icu4c/common \
     frameworks/minikin/include
 
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
     libharfbuzz_ng \
     libft2 \
+    liblog \
     libpng \
     libz \
     libstlport
 
-include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

engine/src/flutter/libs/minikin/FontCollection.cpp

@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
-#include <stdio.h>  // for debugging - remove
-#endif
+// #define VERBOSE_DEBUG
+
+#define LOG_TAG "Minikin"
+#include <cutils/log.h>
 
 #include <minikin/CmapCoverage.h>
 #include <minikin/FontCollection.h>
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FontCollection::FontCollection(const vector<FontFamily*>& typefaces) :
     vector<uint32_t> lastChar;
     size_t nTypefaces = typefaces.size();
 #ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
-    printf("nTypefaces = %d\n", nTypefaces);
+    ALOGD("nTypefaces = %d\n", nTypefaces);
 #endif
     const FontStyle defaultStyle;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < nTypefaces; i++) {
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ FontCollection::FontCollection(const vector<FontFamily*>& typefaces) :
         instance->mCoverage = new SparseBitSet;
         MinikinFont* typeface = family->getClosestMatch(defaultStyle);
 #ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
-        printf("closest match = %x, family size = %d\n", typeface, family->getNumFonts());
+        ALOGD("closest match = %p, family size = %d\n", typeface, family->getNumFonts());
 #endif
         const uint32_t cmapTag = MinikinFont::MakeTag('c', 'm', 'a', 'p');
         size_t cmapSize = 0;
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ FontCollection::FontCollection(const vector<FontFamily*>& typefaces) :
         ok = typeface->GetTable(cmapTag, cmapData.get(), &cmapSize);
         CmapCoverage::getCoverage(*instance->mCoverage, cmapData.get(), cmapSize);
 #ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
-        printf("font coverage length=%d, first ch=%x\n", instance->mCoverage->length(),
+        ALOGD("font coverage length=%d, first ch=%x\n", instance->mCoverage->length(),
                 instance->mCoverage->nextSetBit(0));
 #endif
         mMaxChar = max(mMaxChar, instance->mCoverage->length());
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ FontCollection::FontCollection(const vector<FontFamily*>& typefaces) :
         mRanges.push_back(dummy);
         Range* range = &mRanges.back();
 #ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
-        printf("i=%d: range start = %d\n", i, offset);
+        ALOGD("i=%d: range start = %d\n", i, offset);
 #endif
         range->start = offset;
         for (size_t j = 0; j < nTypefaces; j++) {
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ FontCollection::FontCollection(const vector<FontFamily*>& typefaces) :
                 offset++;
                 uint32_t nextChar = instance->mCoverage->nextSetBit((i + 1) << kLogCharsPerPage);
 #ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
-                printf("nextChar = %d (j = %d)\n", nextChar, j);
+                ALOGD("nextChar = %d (j = %d)\n", nextChar, j);
 #endif
                 lastChar[j] = nextChar;
             }
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ const FontFamily* FontCollection::getFamilyForChar(uint32_t ch) const {
     }
     const Range& range = mRanges[ch >> kLogCharsPerPage];
 #ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
-    printf("querying range %d:%d\n", range.start, range.end);
+    ALOGD("querying range %d:%d\n", range.start, range.end);
 #endif
     for (size_t i = range.start; i < range.end; i++) {
         const FontInstance* instance = mInstanceVec[i];

engine/src/flutter/libs/minikin/FontFamily.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ bool FontFamily::addFont(MinikinFont* typeface) {
 
 void FontFamily::addFont(MinikinFont* typeface, FontStyle style) {
     mFonts.push_back(Font(typeface, style));
-    ALOGD("added font, mFonts.size() = %d", mFonts.size());
 }
 
 // Compute a matching metric between two styles - 0 is an exact match

engine/src/flutter/libs/minikin/Layout.cpp

@@ -14,12 +14,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#define LOG_TAG "Minikin"
+#include <cutils/log.h>
+
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>  // for debugging
 #include <stdio.h>  // ditto
 
+#include <hb-icu.h>
+
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
+
 #include <minikin/MinikinFontFreeType.h>
 #include <minikin/Layout.h>
 
@@ -31,6 +38,8 @@ namespace android {
 // TODO: globals are not cool, move to a factory-ish object
 hb_buffer_t* buffer = 0;
 
+Mutex gLock;
+
 Bitmap::Bitmap(int width, int height) : width(width), height(height) {
     buf = new uint8_t[width * height]();
 }
@@ -69,11 +78,23 @@ void Bitmap::drawGlyph(const GlyphBitmap& bitmap, int x, int y) {
     }
 }
 
+void MinikinRect::join(const MinikinRect& r) {
+    if (isEmpty()) {
+        set(r);
+    } else if (!r.isEmpty()) {
+        mLeft = std::min(mLeft, r.mLeft);
+        mTop = std::min(mTop, r.mTop);
+        mRight = std::max(mRight, r.mRight);
+        mBottom = std::max(mBottom, r.mBottom);
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: the actual initialization is deferred, maybe make this explicit
 void Layout::init() {
-    buffer = hb_buffer_create();
 }
 
 void Layout::setFontCollection(const FontCollection *collection) {
+    ALOGD("setFontCollection(%p)", collection);
     mCollection = collection;
 }
 
@@ -193,8 +214,76 @@ static FontStyle styleFromCss(const CssProperties &props) {
     return FontStyle(weight, italic);
 }
 
+static hb_script_t codePointToScript(hb_codepoint_t codepoint) {
+    static hb_unicode_funcs_t *u = 0;
+    if (!u) {
+        u = hb_icu_get_unicode_funcs();
+    }
+    return hb_unicode_script(u, codepoint);
+}
+
+static hb_codepoint_t decodeUtf16(const uint16_t *chars, size_t len, ssize_t *iter) {
+    const uint16_t v = chars[(*iter)++];
+    // test whether v in (0xd800..0xdfff), lead or trail surrogate
+    if ((v & 0xf800) == 0xd800) {
+        // test whether v in (0xd800..0xdbff), lead surrogate
+        if (size_t(*iter) < len && (v & 0xfc00) == 0xd800) {
+            const uint16_t v2 = chars[(*iter)++];
+            // test whether v2 in (0xdc00..0xdfff), trail surrogate
+            if ((v2 & 0xfc00) == 0xdc00) {
+                // (0xd800 0xdc00) in utf-16 maps to 0x10000 in ucs-32
+                const hb_codepoint_t delta = (0xd800 << 10) + 0xdc00 - 0x10000;
+                return (((hb_codepoint_t)v) << 10) + v2 - delta;
+            }
+            (*iter) -= 2;
+            return ~0u;
+        } else {
+            (*iter)--;
+            return ~0u;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return v;
+    }
+}
+
+static hb_script_t getScriptRun(const uint16_t *chars, size_t len, ssize_t *iter) {
+    if (size_t(*iter) == len) {
+        return HB_SCRIPT_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+    uint32_t cp = decodeUtf16(chars, len, iter);
+    hb_script_t current_script = codePointToScript(cp);
+    for (;;) {
+        if (size_t(*iter) == len)
+            break;
+        const ssize_t prev_iter = *iter;
+        cp = decodeUtf16(chars, len, iter);
+        const hb_script_t script = codePointToScript(cp);
+        if (script != current_script) {
+            if (current_script == HB_SCRIPT_INHERITED ||
+                current_script == HB_SCRIPT_COMMON) {
+                current_script = script;
+            } else if (script == HB_SCRIPT_INHERITED ||
+                script == HB_SCRIPT_COMMON) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                *iter = prev_iter;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (current_script == HB_SCRIPT_INHERITED) {
+        current_script = HB_SCRIPT_COMMON;
+    }
+
+    return current_script;
+}
+
 // TODO: API should probably take context
 void Layout::doLayout(const uint16_t* buf, size_t nchars) {
+    AutoMutex _l(gLock);
+    if (buffer == 0) {
+        buffer = hb_buffer_create();
+    }
     FT_Error error;
 
     vector<FontCollection::Run> items;
@@ -208,6 +297,9 @@ void Layout::doLayout(const uint16_t* buf, size_t nchars) {
     mGlyphs.clear();
     mFaces.clear();
     mHbFonts.clear();
+    mBounds.setEmpty();
+    mAdvances.clear();
+    mAdvances.resize(nchars, 0);
     float x = 0;
     float y = 0;
     for (size_t run_ix = 0; run_ix < items.size(); run_ix++) {
@@ -215,6 +307,10 @@ void Layout::doLayout(const uint16_t* buf, size_t nchars) {
         int font_ix = findFace(run.font, &paint);
         paint.font = mFaces[font_ix];
         hb_font_t *hbFont = mHbFonts[font_ix];
+        if (paint.font == NULL) {
+            // TODO: should log what went wrong
+            continue;
+        }
 #ifdef VERBOSE
         std::cout << "Run " << run_ix << ", font " << font_ix <<
             " [" << run.start << ":" << run.end << "]" << std::endl;
@@ -222,24 +318,38 @@ void Layout::doLayout(const uint16_t* buf, size_t nchars) {
         hb_font_set_ppem(hbFont, size, size);
         hb_font_set_scale(hbFont, HBFloatToFixed(size), HBFloatToFixed(size));
 
-        hb_buffer_reset(buffer);
-        hb_buffer_set_direction(buffer, HB_DIRECTION_LTR);
-        hb_buffer_add_utf16(buffer, buf, nchars, run.start, run.end - run.start);
-        hb_shape(hbFont, buffer, NULL, 0);
-        unsigned int numGlyphs;
-        hb_glyph_info_t *info = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos(buffer, &numGlyphs);
-        hb_glyph_position_t *positions = hb_buffer_get_glyph_positions(buffer, NULL);
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < numGlyphs; i++) {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-            std::cout << positions[i].x_advance << " " << positions[i].y_advance << " " << positions[i].x_offset << " " << positions[i].y_offset << std::endl;            std::cout << "DoLayout " << info[i].codepoint <<
-            ": " << HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].x_advance) << "; " << positions[i].x_offset << ", " << positions[i].y_offset << std::endl;
-#endif
-            hb_codepoint_t glyph_ix = info[i].codepoint;
-            float xoff = HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].x_offset);
-            float yoff = HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].y_offset);
-            LayoutGlyph glyph = {font_ix, glyph_ix, x + xoff, y + yoff};
-            mGlyphs.push_back(glyph);
-            x += HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].x_advance);
+        int srunend;
+        for (int srunstart = run.start; srunstart < run.end; srunstart = srunend) {
+            srunend = srunstart;
+            hb_script_t script = getScriptRun(buf, run.end, &srunend);
+
+            hb_buffer_reset(buffer);
+            hb_buffer_set_script(buffer, script);
+            hb_buffer_set_direction(buffer, HB_DIRECTION_LTR);
+            hb_buffer_add_utf16(buffer, buf, nchars, srunstart, srunend - srunstart);
+            hb_shape(hbFont, buffer, NULL, 0);
+            unsigned int numGlyphs;
+            hb_glyph_info_t *info = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos(buffer, &numGlyphs);
+            hb_glyph_position_t *positions = hb_buffer_get_glyph_positions(buffer, NULL);
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < numGlyphs; i++) {
+    #ifdef VERBOSE
+                std::cout << positions[i].x_advance << " " << positions[i].y_advance << " " << positions[i].x_offset << " " << positions[i].y_offset << std::endl;            std::cout << "DoLayout " << info[i].codepoint <<
+                ": " << HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].x_advance) << "; " << positions[i].x_offset << ", " << positions[i].y_offset << std::endl;
+    #endif
+                hb_codepoint_t glyph_ix = info[i].codepoint;
+                float xoff = HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].x_offset);
+                float yoff = HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].y_offset);
+                LayoutGlyph glyph = {font_ix, glyph_ix, x + xoff, y + yoff};
+                mGlyphs.push_back(glyph);
+                float xAdvance = HBFixedToFloat(positions[i].x_advance);
+                MinikinRect glyphBounds;
+                paint.font->GetBounds(&glyphBounds, glyph_ix, paint);
+                glyphBounds.offset(x + xoff, y + yoff);
+                mBounds.join(glyphBounds);
+                size_t cluster = info[i].cluster;
+                mAdvances[cluster] += xAdvance;
+                x += xAdvance;
+            }
         }
     }
     mAdvance = x;
@@ -275,8 +385,40 @@ void Layout::setProperties(string css) {
     mProps.parse(css);
 }
 
+size_t Layout::nGlyphs() const {
+    return mGlyphs.size();
+}
+
+MinikinFont *Layout::getFont(int i) const {
+    const LayoutGlyph& glyph = mGlyphs[i];
+    return mFaces[glyph.font_ix];
+}
+
+unsigned int Layout::getGlyphId(int i) const {
+    const LayoutGlyph& glyph = mGlyphs[i];
+    return glyph.glyph_id;
+}
+
+float Layout::getX(int i) const {
+    const LayoutGlyph& glyph = mGlyphs[i];
+    return glyph.x;
+}
+
+float Layout::getY(int i) const {
+    const LayoutGlyph& glyph = mGlyphs[i];
+    return glyph.y;
+}
+
 float Layout::getAdvance() const {
     return mAdvance;
 }
 
+void Layout::getAdvances(float* advances) {
+    memcpy(advances, &mAdvances[0], mAdvances.size() * sizeof(float));
+}
+
+void Layout::getBounds(MinikinRect* bounds) {
+    bounds->set(mBounds);
+}
+
 }  // namespace android

engine/src/flutter/sample/Android.mk

@@ -36,10 +36,40 @@ LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
 	libicuuc \
 	libft2 \
 	libpng \
-	libz
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += libminikin
+	libz \
+	libminikin
 
 LOCAL_MODULE:= minikin_example
 
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+include external/stlport/libstlport.mk
+
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAG := tests
+
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += \
+	external/harfbuzz_ng/src \
+	external/freetype/include \
+	external/icu4c/common \
+	frameworks/minikin/include \
+	external/skia/src/core
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= example_skia.cpp \
+	MinikinSkia.cpp
+
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
+	libutils \
+	liblog \
+	libcutils \
+	libstlport \
+	libharfbuzz_ng \
+	libicuuc \
+	libskia \
+	libminikin \
+	libft2
+
+LOCAL_MODULE:= minikin_skia_example
+
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

engine/src/flutter/sample/MinikinSkia.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <SkTypeface.h>
+#include <SkPaint.h>
+
+#include <minikin/MinikinFont.h>
+#include "MinikinSkia.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+MinikinFontSkia::MinikinFontSkia(SkTypeface *typeface) :
+    mTypeface(typeface) {
+}
+
+MinikinFontSkia::~MinikinFontSkia() {
+    SkSafeUnref(mTypeface);
+}
+
+bool MinikinFontSkia::GetGlyph(uint32_t codepoint, uint32_t *glyph) const {
+    SkPaint paint;
+    paint.setTypeface(mTypeface);
+    paint.setTextEncoding(SkPaint::kUTF32_TextEncoding);
+    uint16_t glyph16;
+    paint.textToGlyphs(&codepoint, sizeof(codepoint), &glyph16);
+    *glyph  = glyph16;
+    //printf("glyph for U+%04x = %d\n", codepoint, glyph16);
+    return !!glyph;
+}
+
+float MinikinFontSkia::GetHorizontalAdvance(uint32_t glyph_id,
+    const MinikinPaint &paint) const {
+    SkPaint skpaint;
+    skpaint.setTypeface(mTypeface);
+    skpaint.setTextEncoding(SkPaint::kGlyphID_TextEncoding);
+    // TODO: set paint from Minikin
+    skpaint.setTextSize(100);
+    uint16_t glyph16 = glyph_id;
+    SkScalar skWidth;
+    SkRect skBounds;
+    skpaint.getTextWidths(&glyph16, sizeof(glyph16), &skWidth, &skBounds);
+    // bounds?
+    //printf("advance for glyph %d = %f\n", glyph_id, SkScalarToFP(skWidth));
+    return skWidth;
+}
+
+bool MinikinFontSkia::GetTable(uint32_t tag, uint8_t *buf, size_t *size) {
+    if (buf == NULL) {
+        const size_t tableSize = mTypeface->getTableSize(tag);
+        *size = tableSize;
+        return tableSize != 0;
+    } else {
+        const size_t actualSize = mTypeface->getTableData(tag, 0, *size, buf);
+        *size = actualSize;
+        return actualSize != 0;
+    }
+}
+
+SkTypeface *MinikinFontSkia::GetSkTypeface() {
+    return mTypeface;
+}
+
+int32_t MinikinFontSkia::GetUniqueId() const {
+    return mTypeface->uniqueID();
+}
+
+}

engine/src/flutter/sample/MinikinSkia.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+namespace android {
+
+class MinikinFontSkia : public MinikinFont {
+public:
+    explicit MinikinFontSkia(SkTypeface *typeface);
+
+    ~MinikinFontSkia();
+
+    bool GetGlyph(uint32_t codepoint, uint32_t *glyph) const;
+
+    float GetHorizontalAdvance(uint32_t glyph_id,
+        const MinikinPaint &paint) const;
+
+    // If buf is NULL, just update size
+    bool GetTable(uint32_t tag, uint8_t *buf, size_t *size);
+
+    int32_t GetUniqueId() const;
+
+    SkTypeface *GetSkTypeface();
+
+private:
+    SkTypeface *mTypeface;
+
+};
+
+}  // namespace android

engine/src/flutter/sample/example_skia.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// This is a test program that uses Minikin to layout and draw some text.
+// At the moment, it just draws a string into /data/local/tmp/foo.pgm.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include <unicode/unistr.h>
+#include <unicode/utf16.h>
+
+#include <minikin/MinikinFontFreeType.h>
+#include <minikin/Layout.h>
+
+#include <SkCanvas.h>
+#include <SkGraphics.h>
+#include <SkImageEncoder.h>
+#include <SkTypeface.h>
+#include <SkPaint.h>
+
+#include "MinikinSkia.h"
+
+using std::vector;
+
+namespace android {
+
+FT_Library library;  // TODO: this should not be a global
+
+FontCollection *makeFontCollection() {
+    vector<FontFamily *>typefaces;
+    const char *fns[] = {
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-Regular.ttf",
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-Italic.ttf",
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-BoldItalic.ttf",
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-Light.ttf",
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-Thin.ttf",
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-Bold.ttf",
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-ThinItalic.ttf",
+        "/system/fonts/Roboto-LightItalic.ttf"
+    };
+
+    FontFamily *family = new FontFamily();
+    FT_Face face;
+    FT_Error error;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(fns)/sizeof(fns[0]); i++) {
+        const char *fn = fns[i];
+        SkTypeface *skFace = SkTypeface::CreateFromFile(fn);
+        MinikinFont *font = new MinikinFontSkia(skFace);
+        family->addFont(font);
+    }
+    typefaces.push_back(family);
+
+#if 1
+    family = new FontFamily();
+    const char *fn = "/system/fonts/DroidSansDevanagari-Regular.ttf";
+    SkTypeface *skFace = SkTypeface::CreateFromFile(fn);
+    MinikinFont *font = new MinikinFontSkia(skFace);
+    family->addFont(font);
+    typefaces.push_back(family);
+#endif
+
+    return new FontCollection(typefaces);
+}
+
+// Maybe move to MinikinSkia (esp. instead of opening GetSkTypeface publicly)?
+
+void drawToSkia(SkCanvas *canvas, SkPaint *paint, Layout *layout, float x, float y) {
+    size_t nGlyphs = layout->nGlyphs();
+    uint16_t *glyphs = new uint16_t[nGlyphs];
+    SkPoint *pos = new SkPoint[nGlyphs];
+    SkTypeface *lastFace = NULL;
+    SkTypeface *skFace = NULL;
+    size_t start = 0;
+
+    paint->setTextEncoding(SkPaint::kGlyphID_TextEncoding);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nGlyphs; i++) {
+        MinikinFontSkia *mfs = static_cast<MinikinFontSkia *>(layout->getFont(i));
+        skFace = mfs->GetSkTypeface();
+        glyphs[i] = layout->getGlyphId(i);
+        pos[i].fX = SkFloatToScalar(x + layout->getX(i));
+        pos[i].fY = SkFloatToScalar(y + layout->getY(i));
+        if (i > 0 && skFace != lastFace) {
+            paint->setTypeface(lastFace);
+            canvas->drawPosText(glyphs + start, (i - start) << 1, pos + start, *paint);
+            start = i;
+        }
+        lastFace = skFace;
+    }
+    paint->setTypeface(skFace);
+    canvas->drawPosText(glyphs + start, (nGlyphs - start) << 1, pos + start, *paint);
+    delete[] glyphs;
+    delete[] pos;
+}
+
+int runMinikinTest() {
+    FT_Error error = FT_Init_FreeType(&library);
+    if (error) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Layout::init();
+
+    FontCollection *collection = makeFontCollection();
+    Layout layout;
+    layout.setFontCollection(collection);
+    layout.setProperties("font-size: 32; font-weight: 700;");
+    const char *text = "fine world \xe0\xa4\xa8\xe0\xa4\xae\xe0\xa4\xb8\xe0\xa5\x8d\xe0\xa4\xa4\xe0\xa5\x87";
+    icu::UnicodeString icuText = icu::UnicodeString::fromUTF8(text);
+    layout.doLayout(icuText.getBuffer(), icuText.length());
+    layout.dump();
+
+    SkAutoGraphics ag;
+
+    SkScalar width = 800;
+    SkScalar height = 600;
+    SkBitmap bitmap;
+    bitmap.setConfig(SkBitmap::kARGB_8888_Config, width, height);
+    bitmap.allocPixels();
+    SkCanvas canvas(bitmap);
+    SkPaint paint;
+    paint.setARGB(255, 0, 0, 128);
+    paint.setStyle(SkPaint::kStroke_Style);
+    paint.setStrokeWidth(2);
+    paint.setTextSize(100);
+    paint.setAntiAlias(true);
+    canvas.drawLine(10, 300, 10 + layout.getAdvance(), 300, paint);
+    paint.setStyle(SkPaint::kFill_Style);
+    drawToSkia(&canvas, &paint, &layout, 10, 300);
+
+    SkImageEncoder::EncodeFile("/data/local/tmp/foo.png", bitmap, SkImageEncoder::kPNG_Type, 100);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char** argv) {
+    return android::runMinikinTest();
+}